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The difference between a mechanical torque limited slip differential and a Torsen differential

The mechanical limited slip differential (lsd) can have the same effect as the Torsen differential, and it is more widely used. l There are quite a lot of models and the price difference is also big, which can be found on the Internet. One disadvantage of the Torsen differential is that it cannot be 100% locked, only about 80% of the torque can be locked at a maximum.

“Mechanical limited-slip differential” is only to distinguish the assembly of electronic limited-slip differential. This limited-slip differential does not require the intervention of electronic equipment, and works entirely on mechanical principles, so the response speed and reliability are Better than an electronic limited-slip differential.

Torsen differential (torsendifferential), also known as Torsen self-locking differential, uses the irreversibility principle of worm gear transmission and the high friction condition of the tooth surface to make the differential according to its internal differential torque ( That is, the size of the internal friction torque of the differential) will automatically lock or loosen, that is, when the differential torque in the differential is small, it will act as a differential, and when the differential torque in the differential is too large It will be automatically locked, which can effectively improve the passing ability of the car.

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Why do modern off-road vehicles use limited slip differentials?

When a vehicle is driving on the road, the wheels perform two motions relative to the ground, namely sliding and rolling. In order to reduce friction, tire wear and power consumption when the vehicle is running, the wheels should be rolled as much as possible to reduce slippage. However, when the car turns or drives on an uneven road, the wheels on both sides move at different distances. If the two wheels are connected by a rigid shaft, slippage will inevitably occur during driving, which will reduce the driving performance of the vehicle. Therefore, the wheels on both sides of the same drive axle need to be driven by two half shafts respectively, so that the left and right wheels can rotate at different speeds, so as to ensure the pure rolling of the wheels as much as possible. Off-road vehicles need to drive on bumpy, muddy, slippery, soft and other road surfaces or even no roads, and these ground adhesion coefficients are small. When one wheel is located on the ground with a small adhesion coefficient, although the adhesion coefficient between the other wheel and the ground is good, the traction force that the car can achieve cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in the car not driving normally. 
　　
To solve the above problems that may occur in off-road vehicles, it is necessary to use a differential device with anti-skid function. Common methods include differential locks and limited-slip differentials. The differential lock is locked together with the axle shaft of the car through the differential housing, which can stop the differential action. increase to the maximum. However, the differential lock needs to be manually locked when entering a difficult road section. If it is not released in time in a good road section, the car may cause an accident due to the lack of differential action. Therefore, most modern off-road vehicles do not use differential locks. A limited slip differential is used instead.
 

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The difference between Torsen differential and ordinary differential

The Torsen differential achieves slip-limiting by cleverly using a pair of worm gears and a worm gear. Its characteristic is that the driving torque is transmitted from the worm gear to the worm gear, and cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction. It will lock up. It is through this feature that limited slip is achieved. In normal cornering, that is, all tires do not slip, the Torsen differential behaves like a normal differential. The additional worm drive and worm gear do not A speed difference is affected between the output shafts. For example, if the car is turning left, the drive shaft of the right wheel rotates faster than the differential housing, and the drive shaft of the left wheel rotates slower than the differential housing. The speed difference between the left and right worm gears can be exactly matched in a synchronized gear drive . Note that the worm gear and worm drive are not locked because torque is transferred from the worm gear to the worm drive. Assuming that if the right wheel loses its grip and slips, it will have an effect on the worm gear and worm drive. In the moment when there is no effect, it is necessary to know that the ordinary differential principle is that the torque will not be sent to the left wheel that has the ability to grip all. The torque of the worm is sent to the slipping and idling right wheel. In this way, the fast rotating right worm wheel drives its worm drive, which drives the left worm drive through the synchronous gear. Remember the characteristics of the worm/worm drive mentioned earlier? When the worm drive drives the worm gear, they lock up. As a result, the worm drive on the left and the worm drive on the right lock together, so that the left and right wheels rotate at the same speed to restore the car’s grip.

Torsen differential. Costs a lot. However, there are many advantages to using Torsen’s 4WD. First, its purely mechanical differential intervenes almost as soon as the tires slip. Second, its locking is linear. That is, it is strictly a full-time four-wheel drive. Under normal conditions, the torque distribution between the front and rear wheels is 50:50 (other distribution ratios are also possible, depending on the gears of the worm drive). Pros: Fast response, permanent 4WD Cons: High cost, torque distribution cannot be changed.

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Limited slip differential and differential lock

In our lives, the roads are generally relatively flat, so it rarely happens that one wheel is limited and the other wheel lacks grip, or that the restriction is not serious and it is easy to get out of trouble. However, for off-road vehicles that often drive on non-paved roads, it is necessary to add a limited slip device to suppress the differential.

The simplest and rude is the differential lock, which closes the differential lock on ordinary roads and allows the differential to play its role normally. In the driving environment with harsh conditions, such as mud, ice, snow, gravel and other road sections, the differential lock can be opened to lock the differential. At this time, the left and right wheels are equivalent to a whole, no matter what the situation, the left and right wheels The output power is the same size, which is convenient for the vehicle to get out of trouble. Therefore, differential locks are common in off-road vehicles.

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The construction and working principle of the differential

What is the differential made of? Ordinary differentials are composed of planet gear teeth, planet carrier (differential housing), side gears and other parts. It is normal to be confused, because he is indeed a relatively complex institution.

Just remember that when there is no speed difference between the left and right wheels, the planetary gear in the differential does not rotate, it rotates synchronously with the left and right half shafts as a whole. When the vehicle turns or the left and right wheels have different speeds, the planetary gears in the differential also start to rotate, absorbing the speed difference generated by the left and right wheels.

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Torson Limited Slip Differential

The torson limited slip differential is the ultimate performance differential. Combine a well balanced suspension package on your Mustang with a torson limited slip differential for incredible traction! The torson limited slip differential’s unique torque-sensing ability keeps engine power going to the ground during changing traction conditions. The torson limited slip differential functions as an open differential as long as the amount of torque transmitted to each rear wheel remains equal. When one tire begins to lose traction, the torson limited slip differential instantly senses the change in torque being applied to the ground. The excess torque that cannot be delivered to the ground by the tire that is beginning to lose traction is delivered to the opposite tire, which has better traction and can take more torque.

The Torque Bias Ratio (TBR) is the ratio indicating how much more torque the torson limited slip differential can send to the tire with more available traction, than is used by the tire with less traction. This ratio represents the “locking effect” of the differential.

The 4:1 TBR of the torson limited slip differential T-2R means that this differential is capable of delivering up to four times as much torque to the tire with better traction than is delivered to the tire with the least available traction. By comparison, the torson limited slip differential T-2R can deliver about 2.5 times as much torque to both rear tires, collectively, as an open differential can, given the same conditions.

During braking there is little or no torque being conveyed to the differential, and so there is little or no torque difference between the two rear tires. Therefore, the torson limited slip differential will not support any appreciable torque “wind-up” between the two rear tires during braking. Because of this, the torson limited slip differential does not interfere with the functioning of anti-lock brake systems.

The clutch plates of the Mustang’s stock Traction-Lock differential wear out, requiring periodic replacement to maintain its functionality. This wear causes axle endplay on a solid axle car, which in turn increases brake pad kickback. Axle endplay does not increase over time with a torson limited slip differential because it does not have clutch plates to wear out. This makes the torson limited slip differential ideal for use with fixed-mount brake calipers.

While it is ideal for street use, autocrossing, and road racing, the torson limited slip differential is not recommended for drag strip use. The torson limited slip differentials fit Mustang 8.8″ rear-ends, both solid axle and IRS, and are available in 28 spline and 31 spline versions.

This article comes from maximummotorsports edit released

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What is a car differential for?

A car is made up of many parts. You may be familiar with the engine, gearbox, suspension, tires, etc., but there is a small part necessary for the transmission system of the car, which you may not know very well, and that is the differential speed. device. Although the differential is not often mentioned, its importance is no less than the engine.

What is the function of a car differential?

Why do cars need a differential? We can give a common example: A is installed with a differential and B is not installed. Two people A and B are running side by side. When they are on a straight road, the speed is the same, but when going through a curve, classmate A on the outside of the curve is bound to Run faster than classmate B on the inside, so that you can keep the row and turn in a consistent manner.

The same is true for a car. When the vehicle turns a corner, the outer wheel must turn faster than the inner wheel to achieve the turn. In this way, the left and right wheels will have a speed difference, and the role of the differential is to absorb the left and right wheels. The resulting speed difference.

The logic of car power transmission is: engine-gearbox-differential-left and right half shafts-left and right wheels, if there is no differential, the left and right wheels are equivalent to being fixed on the same shaft, and the two wheels have the same speed, then If the wheel is forced to turn, the wheels will definitely roll on one side and the other side will slip, and this situation will also cause resistance to cause the vehicle to become extremely unsmooth when turning, or even impossible to turn.

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